Maryland’s diverse ecosystems are home to a fascinating array of lizards, from sleek skinks to nimble fence lizards.
These scaly creatures play crucial roles in the state’s biodiversity, contributing to the delicate balance of forest floors and suburban gardens alike.
There are seven species of lizards native to Maryland, including members of the Scincidae and Gekkonidae families.
Exploring Maryland’s lizard population offers a window into the state’s rich natural heritage.
From the smooth, shiny scales of skinks to the distinctive patterns of fence lizards, each species has unique adaptations that help it thrive in its specific habitat.
The Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas project has been instrumental in documenting these reptiles, providing valuable data for conservation efforts.
While lizards may seem elusive, keen observers can spot them basking on rocks, scurrying across forest floors, or even scaling tree trunks.
Learning to identify these creatures not only enhances outdoor experiences but also contributes to citizen science initiatives like the Maryland Biodiversity Project.
By understanding the lizards that call Maryland home, we gain a deeper appreciation for the state’s natural wonders and the importance of preserving their habitats.
1. Eastern Fence Lizard
The Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) is a common reptile in Maryland.
This species belongs to the Phrynosomatidae family and is the only spiny lizard found in the state.
Adult Eastern Fence Lizards typically grow up to 7.5 inches long.
They have a distinctive appearance with pointed scales covering their gray or brown bodies.
Males sport vibrant blue patches on their sides and throats, while females display more subtle coloration with wavy lines and pale blue hues.
These agile climbers are often spotted in wooded or semi-open habitats.
They frequently seek refuge on tree trunks when startled, using their excellent climbing abilities to evade potential predators.
Eastern Fence Lizards have adapted to face unique challenges in Maryland.
They’ve developed longer limbs, thicker skin, and new behaviors to combat invasive fire ants.
These adaptations help them survive potentially lethal ant bites.
Key characteristics of Eastern Fence Lizards:
- Length: Up to 7.5 inches
- Color: Gray or brown with blue markings (more prominent in males)
- Habitat: Wooded areas, semi-open spaces
- Diet: Insects and small invertebrates
- Behavior: Excellent climbers, often seen basking on fences or logs
Eastern Fence Lizards play an important role in Maryland’s ecosystem, contributing to insect control and serving as prey for various predators.
Their presence is a positive indicator of habitat health in the state’s diverse landscapes.
2. Five-Lined Skink
The common five-lined skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) is a striking lizard species found in Maryland.
These agile creatures are easily recognizable by their distinctive markings.
Adult five-lined skinks typically measure 5-8.5 inches in length. They have smooth, shiny scales that give them a sleek appearance.
The most notable feature of these skinks is their coloration:
- Juveniles: Bright blue tails and five light-colored stripes on a dark body
- Adult females: Retain some striping, but less vivid
- Adult males: Lose most striping, develop broader heads with reddish-orange coloration
During the breeding season, males develop a vibrant blue patch on their throats.
This serves as a visual signal to attract mates and deter rivals.
Five-lined skinks are excellent climbers and can often be spotted basking on tree trunks or rocks.
They are swift and agile, using their speed to escape predators and catch prey.
These lizards play an important role in Maryland’s ecosystem.
They help control insect populations by feeding on various small invertebrates.
3. Broad-Headed Skink
The broad-headed skink is the largest lizard species native to Maryland.
These impressive reptiles can grow up to 12¾ inches in length, making them a striking sight in the state’s forests and woodlands.
Adult males are particularly noteworthy during breeding season.
Their jaws swell and take on a vibrant red hue, earning them the nickname “red-headed skinks.”
This distinctive feature plays a crucial role in attracting mates.
Broad-headed skinks share similarities with their cousin, the five-lined skink.
However, they can be distinguished by their larger size and the presence of five scales on their upper lip, compared to the four found on five-lined skinks.
These lizards are excellent climbers, often seen scaling trees in search of insects, their primary food source.
Their agility and speed make them formidable predators in their environment.
Conservation efforts are important for maintaining healthy populations of broad-headed skinks in Maryland.
Preserving their woodland habitats and educating the public about these fascinating creatures helps ensure their continued presence in the state’s diverse ecosystem.
4. Little Brown Skink
The Little Brown Skink (Scincella lateralis) is one of seven lizard species found in Maryland.
This small, slender reptile is known for its drab coloration, which helps it blend seamlessly into its surroundings.
Typically measuring 3-5 inches in length, the Little Brown Skink has a smooth, shiny appearance.
Its body is usually light brown or tan, with darker stripes running along its sides.
Unlike some of its relatives, this skink lacks the bright blue tail often seen in juveniles of other species.
These skinks are incredibly agile and quick to retreat when threatened.
They scurry through leaf litter and debris on the forest floor, making them challenging to spot.
Their diet primarily consists of small insects and spiders. In Maryland, Little Brown Skinks are restricted to the coastal plain.
They prefer moist environments with plenty of ground cover, such as deciduous forests, woodland edges, and even suburban areas with sufficient vegetation.
Unlike the Coal Skink, which is endangered in Maryland, the Little Brown Skink is relatively common within its range.
However, habitat loss and fragmentation pose potential threats to their populations.
Conservation efforts focus on preserving suitable habitats and educating the public about the importance of these small but vital members of Maryland’s ecosystem.