The Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) is known as a canine of debated taxonomy.
Its genetic markers can differentiate it, with mitochondrial DNA signifying that it is genetically basal to the Holarctic grey wolf.
It is genetically similar to the Tibetan wolf and is related to the African golden wolf (Canis lupaster).
The Himalayan wolf family can live in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, predominantly above 4,000 m in elevation, because it has adapted to the low-oxygen environment compared with other wolf species in lower elevations.
Some biographers have proposed the reclassification of this lineage as a separate wolf species.
The group proposed that this wolf lineage be known as the “Himalayan wolf’’ and classified as Canis lupus chanco until a generic analysis of the holotypes is available. The Himalayan wolf needs an accurate morphological analysis.
Scientific Classification
| Domain | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Carnivora |
| Family | Canidae |
| Genus | Canis |
| Species | C. lupus |
| Subspecies | C. l. chanco |
Characteristics
The Himalayan wolf has woolly, thick fur that is dull earthy- brown on the tail and back and yellowish-white on the belly, limbs, and face. It is about 45 (110 cm) long and 30 (76 cm) tall at the shoulder.
It is larger than the Indian wolf. It has closely spaced black speckles on the muzzle, upper cheeks, ears, and below the eyes. It weighs an average of 77 lb (35 kg).
The heart of the Himalayan wolf can endure low oxygen levels at high elevations. It has a well-built selection for RYR2, a gene that initiates cardiac excitation.
Behavior and Ecology
The howls of the Himalayan wolf have unmodulated frequencies lower frequencies, and are shorter in duration than Holarctic wolf howls.
The North African and Himalayan wolves have the most acoustically distinct howls but differ significantly from each other, as do the Holarctic wolves.
Prey
The Himalayan wolf prefers to prey on wild prey over domestic animals. They prey on the smaller Tibetan gazelle than the larger white-lipped deer and prefer the plains-dwelling Tibetan gazelle over the cliff-dwelling Bharal.
Additional prey include the small woolly hare, pikas, and Himalayan marmot. Himalayan wolves stay away from livestock when wild prey is available, but habitat encroachment and reduction of wild prey population are forecast to lead to conflict with herders.
To defend these wolves, securing a healthy wild prey population through setting aside wildlife habitat reserves and refuges will be important.
Siberian roe deer, Kiang, Tibetan red deer, wild yak, argali, Siberian ibex, Przewalski’s horse, Bactrian deer, Tarkand deer, markhor, and urial have also been included as prey species of Himalayan wolves.
Historical sources indicate that wolves sometimes kill children in Lahaul and Ladakh. Tibetan wolves reduce livestock in three villages, followed by snow leopards and Eurasian lynx.
The most frequent prey was domestic goat (32%), sheep (30%), yaks (15%), and horses (13%).
Distribution and Habitat
In China, the Himalayan wolf resides on the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai, Tibet, western Sichuan, and Gansu.
In northern India, it occurs in eastern Kashmir in the Ladakh region and northeastern Himachal Pradesh in the Spiti and Lahaul.
In 2004, the Himalayan wolf population in India was estimated to consist of 350 individuals across an area of about 27,000 sq mi (70,000 km2).
Between 2005 – 2008, it was seen in the alpine meadows above the tree line northeast of Nanda Devi National Park in Uttarakhand.
In 2013, a picture of a wolf was taken by a camera trap at around 11,500 ft (3,500 m) in Uttarakhand’s Bageshwar district near the Sunderhunga Glacier.
It was recorded in the Api Nampa Conservation Area, Upper Mustang, Upper Humla, Manaslu, Dolpa, and the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area in Nepal. The Nepal Himalayas provide a haven for the Himalayan wolf.