If you’re like most cat owners, you love your feline friends no matter what breed they are.
Whether it’s one of the most popular or least popular breeds, your pet still brings joy to your life daily.
Having a cat can be fulfilling, but taking proper care of it can also be very time-consuming and expensive.
That’s why it’s important to know about cat breeds with the most health problems before bringing one home.
There are nearly 500 different cat breeds in the world, and each one comes with its unique personality and appearance.
Some cats are long-haired, some are short-haired, and some are downright furry.
With so many cat breeds out there, it’s hard to keep track of the different health characteristics of each breed.
Important Note: This information is meant to educate prospective cat owners, not discourage adoption. Every cat deserves a loving home, and many health issues can be managed with proper veterinary care.
Here are the top twelve cat breeds with the most health problems that every cat lover should know about.
Cat Breeds With the Most Health Problems
1. Persian
The Persian is a long-haired breed with a naturally rounded face and distinctive whisker pads.
Unfortunately, this beloved breed faces numerous health challenges that make it one of the most health-prone cat breeds.
Common Health Issues:
- Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome: Due to their flat faces, Persians often struggle with breathing difficulties
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Some studies suggest that polycystic kidney disease is more likely to occur in Persian cats. The likelihood can be as high as 50% in Persian cats in certain countries
- Eye Problems: Including progressive retinal atrophy and corneal sequestrum
- Dental Issues: Their facial structure makes them prone to dental problems
According to veterinary research, the most common specific disorders were haircoat disorders (411, 12.7%), periodontal disease (365, 11.3%), overgrown nails (234, 7.2%), and ocular discharge (188, 5.8%) among Persian cats.
2. Scottish Fold
While Scottish Folds are known for their adorable folded ears, this distinctive feature comes with serious health consequences that affect every cat of this breed.
Primary Health Concerns:
- Osteochondrodysplasia: All Scottish Folds have certain health problems to do with their breed. Osteochondrodysplasia is a disease caused by the mutation that gives them their folded ears
- Arthritis and Joint Problems: The genetic mutation affects cartilage throughout their body
- Cardiomyopathy: Heart disease is common in this breed
- Breathing Issues: Some Scottish Folds are also brachycephalic
Welfare Concern: Many animal welfare organizations discourage breeding Scottish Folds due to the inevitable health problems associated with their genetic mutation.
3. Siamese
Siamese cats are beautiful animals high on many people’s list of desired felines.
However, this breed has earned a place on the list of cats with the most health problems due to their predisposition to various conditions.
Health Challenges Include:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): The breed is particularly susceptible to this heart condition
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy: Can lead to blindness
- Respiratory Issues: Including asthma and upper respiratory infections
- Kidney Disease: Higher rates than average
The breed’s heart problems are particularly concerning, as affected cats can develop enlarged hearts with weakened pumping action and irregular heartbeats.
If left untreated, these conditions can be life-threatening.
4. Burmese
The Burmese is a great family cat choice for someone with time to devote to their care.
However, this breed is considered one of the most health-prone due to several genetic predispositions.
Notable Health Issues:
- Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels affecting muscle function
- Flat-Chested Kitten Syndrome: Affects breathing and development
- Corneal Dermoid: Eye condition requiring surgical correction
- Diabetes: Higher predisposition than many breeds
Because of their active nature and heavy coat, regular grooming and exercise are essential.
These cats can have longer lifespans than most other breeds when properly cared for, with many living into their late teens with good health care and nutrition.
5. Devon Rex
Devon Rexes were once considered hypoallergenic because they don’t shed as much as other breeds, but this doesn’t mean they’re healthy.
They face several unique health challenges.
Common Health Problems:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Heart muscle thickening
- Patellar Luxation: Kneecap dislocation
- Hereditary Myopathy: Muscle weakness condition
- Skin Conditions: Including sebaceous adenitis
Weight Management Critical: Lifestyle factors like a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet significantly increase Devon Rex cats’ risk of developing diabetes. Owners must control their cat’s weight through regular exercise and a high-quality diet.
| Health Issue | Frequency | Severity | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Problems | Moderate | High | Regular cardiac screening |
| Skin Issues | High | Moderate | Specialized grooming |
| Diabetes Risk | Moderate | High | Weight control, diet |
| Muscle Problems | Low | High | Physical therapy |
6. Egyptian Mau
The Egyptian Mau is a lesser-known breed that packs a lot of personality into a small package.
However, this high-energy breed comes with specific health concerns that owners should be aware of.
Health Considerations:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Like many breeds, prone to heart disease
- Patellar Luxation: Kneecap dislocation common in smaller breeds
- Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency: Affects red blood cell metabolism
- Leukodystrophy: Neurological condition affecting coordination
Because they’re such a high-energy breed, starting them on an appropriate diet early is crucial.
These cats tend to become more sedentary as they age, so maintaining activity levels is essential for their health.
7. Himalayan
The Himalayan cat is a long-haired breed known for its striking blue eyes and color-point pattern. However, their distinctive features come with several health challenges.
Primary Health Issues:
- Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome: Due to their flat faces
- Polycystic Kidney Disease: Inherited from Persian lineage
- Eye Problems: Including glaucoma and progressive retinal atrophy
- Respiratory Issues: Chronic upper respiratory infections
Warning Signs: If you own a Himalayan, watch for sneezing, wheezing, or coughing—all of which could indicate respiratory problems or asthma.
These cats also have a higher risk of heart disease than other breeds, making regular veterinary monitoring essential throughout their lives.
8. Ragdoll
Ragdolls are known for their docile nature and large size, but they’re also prone to several health issues that can significantly impact their quality of life.
Common Health Problems:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The leading cause of death in Ragdolls
- Polycystic Kidney Disease: Inherited kidney condition
- Bladder Stones: More common in this breed
- Obesity: Due to their laid-back nature
Weight Management Essential: These cats typically weigh more than 20 pounds when fully grown. Being overweight exposes Ragdoll cats to increased risks of diabetes, joint problems, and heart disease, potentially shortening their lifespan considerably.
9. Russian Blue
It may be surprising that Russian Blue cats are among the breeds with the most health problems, given their reputation for being relatively healthy.
Health Concerns Include:
- Bladder Stones: Higher incidence than average
- Obesity: Prone to weight gain
- Dental Issues: Periodontal disease common
- Skin Allergies: Environmental sensitivities
While these cats aren’t fragile, they require more attention to diet and environmental factors than many other breeds.
Regular dental care and weight monitoring are essential for maintaining their health.
10. British Shorthair
The British Shorthair is native to Britain and is known for its stocky, muscular build with round eyes and short legs.
As these cats age, they develop several health issues that owners should monitor.
Age-Related Health Issues:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Heart disease increases with age
- Polycystic Kidney Disease: Genetic predisposition
- Hemophilia B: Blood clotting disorder
- Obesity: Due to their sedentary nature
Lifespan Considerations: A British Shorthair can live up to 15 years with proper care, but regular veterinary checkups are crucial for early detection of heart and kidney problems.
11. Birman
Birmans are beautiful long-haired cats, but like most long-haired breeds, they come with specific health challenges that require vigilant care.
Genetic Health Issues:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Heart muscle thickening
- Corneal Dermoid: Eye condition present from birth
- Spongiform Degeneration: Neurological condition
- Shaking Puppy Syndrome: Affects kittens
Genetic Diversity Concerns: There are over 20 different genetic disorders that can affect Birmans. The exact number of hereditary problems is still being researched, as this breed hasn’t been studied as extensively as others.
12. Sphynx
The Sphynx is a unique breed that originated in Canada during the 1960s.
Their hairless appearance, caused by a genetic mutation, makes them prone to several specific health conditions.
Unique Health Challenges:
- Skin Problems: Including sunburn, blackheads, and skin cancer
- Temperature Regulation Issues: Difficulty maintaining body temperature
- Heart Disease: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy common
- Dental Issues: Higher rates of gum disease
Special Care Requirements: Sphynx cats require sunscreen if going outdoors and need special protection from temperature extremes. They’re particularly susceptible to both heat and cold exposure, which can cause serious health problems.
Safety Warning: Electric heating pads are not recommended for Sphynx cats due to the risk of burns on their sensitive, hairless skin.
Making Informed Decisions About Cat Breeds
Understanding these health predispositions doesn’t mean you should avoid these breeds entirely.
Many cats from these breeds live long, healthy lives with proper care. Here’s what you should consider:
Before Getting a High-Risk Breed:
- Research reputable breeders who perform health testing
- Budget for potentially higher veterinary costs
- Consider pet insurance for breeds with known health issues
- Ensure you can provide specialized care if needed
Essential Care for All Breeds:
- Regular veterinary checkups and health screenings
- Proper nutrition and weight management
- Environmental enrichment and exercise
- Dental care and grooming as needed
Questions to Ask Breeders:
- What health testing has been done on the parents?
- Can you provide health clearances and certificates?
- What is the average lifespan of cats in your breeding lines?
- Do you offer health guarantees?
Conclusion
While these twelve breeds may have higher risks for certain health problems, it’s important to remember that individual cats can vary significantly.
With proper care, regular veterinary attention, and responsible breeding practices, many cats from these breeds can live happy, healthy lives.
The key is being informed and prepared. If you’re considering one of these breeds, work with reputable breeders who prioritize health testing and genetic diversity.
Remember that mixed-breed cats often have fewer health issues due to their genetic diversity, but purebred cats can still make wonderful companions with the right care and attention.
Most importantly, every cat—regardless of breed—deserves a loving home and proper veterinary care.
By understanding potential health issues beforehand, you can provide the best possible care for your feline friend throughout their life.
This article is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional veterinary advice. Always consult with a qualified veterinarian for specific health concerns about your cat.
