Can You Own a Squirrel in Michigan? Permit Rules, Legal Species, and What to Know

Michigan is one of a small number of states where owning a squirrel is actually on the table — but that does not mean you can simply bring one home without preparation. The state has a clear permit pathway, specific species considerations, and enclosure standards that you must meet before a squirrel legally becomes your pet.

Whether you are drawn to the idea of a fox squirrel bounding around your living room or a flying squirrel gliding from perch to perch, understanding Michigan’s wildlife laws upfront will save you from costly mistakes. This guide walks you through every layer of the legal framework, from the state permit you need to the local ordinances that can still complicate things even after you have that permit in hand.

Is It Legal to Own a Squirrel in Michigan?

It is legal to own a pet squirrel in Michigan, so long as that squirrel was raised in captivity and not captured from the wild. That distinction is not a minor technicality — it is the foundation of the entire legal framework in this state.

Under Michigan law, it is generally illegal to possess or keep native wildlife, including squirrels, without a proper permit. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) enforces these regulations to prevent the spread of disease, protect natural habitats, and ensure the well-being of wild animals.

States that allow pet squirrels with a permit include Delaware, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Rhode Island, and South Carolina. That puts Michigan in a relatively small group nationally, and it reflects a considered policy choice rather than an oversight.

Key Insight: Michigan law draws a firm line between captive-bred squirrels (permitted with a license) and wild-caught squirrels (prohibited under all circumstances for personal pet ownership).

Michigan’s wildlife laws and regulations are stringent to protect native species and maintain ecological balance. When it comes to owning a squirrel, Michigan’s DNR enforces specific rules under the Wildlife Conservation Order and Public Act 305 of 1994. These laws classify squirrels as wild animals, and their ownership is heavily restricted.

For a broader look at the many types of squirrels found in Michigan, it helps to know which species are native to the state before you begin the permit process.

Which Squirrel Species Are Legal in Michigan?

Michigan has two categories of native squirrels — tree squirrels and ground squirrels. There are four species of ground squirrel found in Michigan: the Least Chipmunk, the Eastern Chipmunk, the Woodchuck, and the thirteen-lined ground squirrel. Five species of tree squirrel are found in Michigan: the Eastern Fox Squirrel, the Eastern Gray Squirrel, the Red Squirrel, the Northern Flying Squirrel, and the Southern Flying Squirrel.

A Permit to Hold Game in Captivity is required for the possession of the following game animals: badger, bobcat, fox, raccoon, coyote, beaver, otter, muskrat, mink, squirrel, skunk, woodchuck, opossum, pheasant, bobwhite quail, Hungarian partridge, ducks, geese, and wild turkeys. Squirrel is listed broadly in this statute, which means the permit requirement applies across species.

• Eastern Gray Squirrel — One of the most common tree squirrels in Michigan and a popular choice for captive ownership with a valid permit
• Eastern Fox Squirrel — Larger than the gray squirrel, also covered under the Game in Captivity permit framework
• Red Squirrel — A smaller, more territorial species; covered under the same permit rules as other tree squirrels
• Northern Flying Squirrel — Native to Michigan and subject to the same DNR permit requirements as other native species
• Southern Flying Squirrel — Also native to Michigan; ownership requires the same captive game permit pathway

In Michigan, the ownership of exotic pets, including flying squirrels, is regulated by specific laws and guidelines designed to protect both public safety and animal welfare. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) are the primary agencies overseeing these regulations. Flying squirrels are considered exotic animals, and their ownership is subject to strict permitting and licensing requirements.

You can explore the full range of flying squirrel species and behaviors to better understand what ownership of these nocturnal gliders actually involves day to day. If you are curious how Michigan’s squirrel diversity compares to neighboring states, the squirrel species found in Ohio and those in Wisconsin offer useful context.

Important Note: Michigan law does not authorize the possession of animals taken from the wild, regardless of species. Even a species that is otherwise permittable becomes illegal to own if it was wild-caught rather than captive-bred.

Permit and License Requirements in Michigan

Michigan law only permits captive-bred squirrels to be kept as pets when the pet owner has a “Game in Captivity” permit. A “Game in Captivity” permit requires that all “game” kept as pets be securely contained legally.

Here is how the permitting process works, step by step:

1. Read the state circular. To obtain a Game in Captivity license, future squirrel owners must first read the state circular regarding the law as it applies to captive game animals.
2. Build your enclosure first. The next step is to build or otherwise acquire a safe enclosure, pen, or cage that meets the state’s minimum requirements before applying for a permit.
3. Complete Form PR1350. Once the enclosure is ready for inspection, complete the Game in Captivity license application — Form PR1350 from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. This application will ask about the current game being kept in captivity. Since new owners must have a permit before owning a pet, as a new owner, you should enter zero.
4. Keep proof of legal acquisition. Squirrel owners must be able to provide evidence of the legal acquisition of their pet — for example, a receipt of purchase. Any state Conservation or Law Enforcement Officer may ask to inspect this evidence at any time.
5. Amend the permit for additional animals. If any additional game pets are to be added to the licensed household, the existing permit application must be amended.

Failure to comply with all permit regulations may result in the revocation of the permit, fine, and/or imprisonment. It is the applicant/permittee’s responsibility to know and comply with federal, state, and local laws.

It is also worth noting that a wildlife rehabilitation permit is a separate document. Having a permit to hold Game in Captivity does not extend to possessing wild squirrels that are injured or orphaned. The separate Wildlife Rehabilitation permit is required to have any wild squirrel.

For a broader comparison of how squirrel ownership laws differ across the country, the overview of squirrel species and general care is a good starting reference point.

Where to Legally Obtain a Pet Squirrel in Michigan

Michigan law states: “Permits to Hold Game in Captivity authorize the possession of animals reared in captivity only. They do not authorize the possession of animals taken from the wild in Michigan.” That means your sourcing options are narrow by design.

You can get a squirrel as a pet through a breeder. This is the easiest way to get a squirrel as a pet. A captive breeder who legally produces squirrels for sale is the primary — and for most people, the only — lawful route to ownership in Michigan.

When evaluating breeders, approach the process carefully:

• Ask for documentation showing the squirrel was born in captivity, not removed from the wild
• Request a receipt or bill of sale, which you are legally required to keep and present on demand
• Pay attention to how the breeder treats you. A good breeder will happily answer all questions that you have and will show genuine concern and interest in your new role as a squirrel owner. If a breeder is quick to hand off one of their animals and walks away, take that as a warning sign.
• Confirm the breeder operates in compliance with any applicable USDA licensing requirements for captive wildlife sales

Pro Tip: Some breeders maintain waiting lists, especially for flying squirrels. Planning ahead by several months is often necessary, and establishing a relationship with a reputable breeder before you even apply for your permit is a smart approach.

Wild squirrels are very difficult to tame. They just do not want to be tamed, and it could cause many problems in your home and for the squirrel. Captive-bred animals that have been socialized from a young age adjust far more readily to life with humans.

While breeders are a primary source for flying squirrels, some enthusiasts may also consider adopting from rescues or rehoming situations. However, these opportunities are even rarer than finding a breeder. For those committed to ownership, establishing a relationship with a reputable breeder is the most reliable path.

Housing and Care Requirements in Michigan

Michigan sets specific, measurable enclosure standards as part of the permitting process. You must have a compliant enclosure built and ready before your permit application will be approved — not after.

State requirements for a squirrel enclosure include a minimum size of 4 ft x 4 ft x 8 ft high for a single animal. This enclosure should have a nest box measuring 1 ft x 1 ft x 2 ft, elevated 5 ft above ground, for each animal. The enclosure should also feature a central climbing tree with at least three branches measuring 3 inches or longer.

For each additional animal, the horizontal cage size shall be increased by 1 square foot. This means the enclosure requirements scale with the number of squirrels you intend to keep.

Beyond the physical enclosure, consider these care realities before committing:

• Diet: Squirrels require a varied diet of nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Captive squirrels fed a poor diet develop metabolic bone disease, a serious and preventable condition
• Veterinary care: There is no rabies vaccine approved for use in wildlife. Immunizations that protect dogs and cats do not necessarily protect wild animals. Finding an exotic animal veterinarian experienced with squirrels is essential before you bring one home
• Enrichment: Squirrels are highly active and intelligent. Without adequate climbing structures, foraging opportunities, and mental stimulation, behavioral problems are common
• Release is not an option: Releasing a pet squirrel into the wild is illegal and can disrupt local ecosystems or spread diseases.

Common Mistake: Many prospective owners underestimate how demanding squirrel care is compared to conventional pets. Unlike a dog or cat, a squirrel retains strong wild instincts — it will chew through furniture, wiring, and household items if not given appropriate outlets and a properly secured space.

Understanding the full range of squirrel types and their behaviors can help you make a more informed decision about which species suits your living situation and commitment level.

Local and Municipal Restrictions in Michigan

Holding a valid state permit does not automatically clear you to keep a squirrel everywhere in Michigan. Local law operates as a separate layer on top of state law, and it can be more restrictive.

State laws set the basics, but cities and counties can add their own restrictions. So even if your state allows pet squirrels, your city or HOA might not. Always double-check local laws and zoning rules before you get a squirrel.

Even if state law permits, counties or municipalities frequently impose bans or additional restrictions, such as exotic pet ordinances or house pet bans.

Here is what to check before proceeding:

• City or township ordinances: Contact your local clerk’s office or animal control agency and ask directly whether exotic or captive wildlife is regulated at the municipal level
• County regulations: Some Michigan counties have adopted exotic animal ordinances that are stricter than state law
• HOA rules: Ask your landlord or HOA in writing, just to be safe. Many HOA agreements restrict pets beyond what state law requires
• Rental agreements: If you rent, your lease may prohibit exotic animals regardless of whether a state permit is in place
• Zoning: Agricultural or residential zoning classifications can affect what animals are allowed on a given property

A permit will not be issued to an individual who violates a local ordinance that prohibits the captivity of the game animal desired. This means the DNR itself will not issue your state permit if your municipality has already banned the animal — making local verification a prerequisite, not an afterthought.

If you are curious how squirrel populations and regulations compare in other Midwestern states, the guides on squirrels in Nebraska and squirrels in Chicago offer useful regional comparisons. You may also want to review the squirrel species found in New York, where ownership laws are far more restrictive, to understand how much state-to-state variation exists.

Penalties for Illegal Squirrel Ownership in Michigan

The penalties for illegal squirrel possession in Michigan can be severe, as the state takes wildlife violations seriously. Ignorance of the law is not a valid defense under Michigan statute, so understanding the consequences before acting is essential.

Under Michigan Compiled Laws Section 324.40118, an individual who violates this part, an order or interim order issued under this part, or a condition of a permit issued under this part is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 90 days or a fine of not less than $50.00 or more than $500.00, or both, and the costs of prosecution.

Beyond the base criminal penalty, additional consequences apply:

• Restitution: In addition to criminal penalties, an individual convicted of illegally possessing game shall reimburse the state for the value of the animal — for other game not specifically listed, not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00 per animal.
• Animal confiscation: Confiscation of the animal is a common penalty for illegal squirrel possession. If authorities discover that someone is keeping a squirrel unlawfully, the animal will be seized by the DNR. The squirrel will then be evaluated for rehabilitation and potential release back into the wild. If the animal is deemed non-releasable due to habituation to humans or other factors, it may be humanely euthanized.
• Permit revocation: In addition to criminal penalties, a permit issued by the department must be revoked. This affects not just your squirrel permit but potentially other hunting and wildlife licenses
• Repeat offenses: Repeat offenders or those involved in more serious violations, such as trafficking wildlife, may face higher fines or even jail time, depending on the circumstances.
• Long-term consequences: Individuals found guilty of illegal squirrel possession may face long-term consequences, such as a criminal record, which can affect employment opportunities, particularly in fields related to wildlife or conservation.

Important Note: If you encounter an injured or orphaned squirrel, do not attempt to keep it. Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator instead. Caring for a wild squirrel without a Wildlife Rehabilitation Permit is itself a violation of Michigan law, even if your intentions are good.

The legal framework in Michigan is designed to be workable for committed, prepared owners — but it leaves no room for casual or uninformed possession. It is advisable to consult with the Michigan DNR directly or visit their official website for the most up-to-date information on permits and regulations. Laws regarding wildlife ownership can change, and staying informed is essential to avoid unintentional violations.

For those interested in how squirrel ownership rules look in other states, the guides on squirrels in Alabama and squirrels in Delaware are worth reviewing, as both states have their own distinct regulatory approaches. You can also explore the broader picture of squirrel species across the United States to understand the full diversity of animals that fall under these kinds of wildlife regulations.